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<p>普通网站在实现文件上传功能的时候，一般是使用Python，Java等后端程序实现，比较麻烦。Nginx有一个Upload模块，可以非常简单的实现文件上传功能。此模块的原理是先把用户上传的文件保存到临时文件，然后在交由后台页面处理，并且把文件的原名，上传后的名称，文件类型，文件大小set到页面。下面和大家具体介绍一下。</p><h4>一、编译安装Nginx</h4><p>为了使用Nginx Upload Module，需要编译安装Nginx，将upload module编译进去。upload module的代码可以去Github上下载： <a title="Upload Module" href="https://github.com/vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module/tree/2.2" target="_blank">Upload Module</a></p><p>之后的编译安装Nginx这里就不介绍，不了解的可以参考： <a title="Ubuntu 14.10下源码编译安装Nginx 1.8.0" href="http://www.bkjia.com/Linux/1002916.html" target="_blank">Ubuntu 14.10下源码编译安装Nginx 1.8.0</a></p><h4>二、Nginx配置</h4><p>Nginx upload module的简单配置如下：</p><pre class="prettyprint">server&nbsp;{
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;listen&nbsp;*:80&nbsp;default_server;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;server_name&nbsp;192.168.1.251;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;client_max_body_size&nbsp;20m;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;client_body_buffer_size&nbsp;512k;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;proxy_set_header&nbsp;Host&nbsp;$host;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;proxy_set_header&nbsp;X-Real-IP&nbsp;$remote_addr;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;proxy_set_header&nbsp;X-Forwarded-For&nbsp;$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;proxy_set_header&nbsp;REMOTE_ADD&nbsp;$remote_addr;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;location&nbsp;/upload&nbsp;{
	#&nbsp;转到后台处理URL,表示Nginx接收完上传的文件后，然后交给后端处理的地址
	upload_pass&nbsp;@python;
	#&nbsp;临时保存路径,&nbsp;可以使用散列
	#&nbsp;上传模块接收到的文件临时存放的路径，&nbsp;1&nbsp;表示方式，该方式是需要在/tmp/nginx_upload下创建以0到9为目录名称的目录，上传时候会进行一个散列处理。
	upload_store&nbsp;/tmp/nginx_upload;
	#&nbsp;上传文件的权限，rw表示读写&nbsp;r只读
	upload_store_access&nbsp;user:rw&nbsp;group:rw&nbsp;all:rw;
	set&nbsp;$upload_field_name&nbsp;&quot;file&quot;;
	#&nbsp;upload_resumable&nbsp;on;
	#&nbsp;这里写入http报头，pass到后台页面后能获取这里set的报头字段
	upload_set_form_field&nbsp;&quot;${upload_field_name}_name&quot;&nbsp;$upload_file_name;
	upload_set_form_field&nbsp;&quot;${upload_field_name}_content_type&quot;&nbsp;$upload_content_type;
	upload_set_form_field&nbsp;&quot;${upload_field_name}_path&quot;&nbsp;$upload_tmp_path;
	#&nbsp;Upload模块自动生成的一些信息，如文件大小与文件md5值
	upload_aggregate_form_field&nbsp;&quot;${upload_field_name}_md5&quot;&nbsp;$upload_file_md5;
	upload_aggregate_form_field&nbsp;&quot;${upload_field_name}_size&quot;&nbsp;$upload_file_size;
	#&nbsp;允许的字段，允许全部可以&nbsp;&quot;^.*$&quot;
	upload_pass_form_field&nbsp;&quot;^.*$&quot;;
	#&nbsp;upload_pass_form_field&nbsp;&quot;^submit$|^description$&quot;;
	#&nbsp;每秒字节速度控制，0表示不受控制，默认0,&nbsp;128K
	upload_limit_rate&nbsp;0;
	#&nbsp;如果pass页面是以下状态码，就删除此次上传的临时文件
	upload_cleanup&nbsp;400&nbsp;404&nbsp;499&nbsp;500-505;
	#&nbsp;打开开关，意思就是把前端脚本请求的参数会传给后端的脚本语言，比如：http://192.168.1.251:9000/upload/?k=23,后台可以通过POST[&#39;k&#39;]来访问。
	upload_pass_args&nbsp;on;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;location&nbsp;@python&nbsp;{
	proxy_pass&nbsp;http://localhost:9999;
	#&nbsp;return&nbsp;200;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;如果不需要后端程序处理，直接返回200即可
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}
}</pre><h4>三、后端处理程序</h4><p>这里我们使用Django作为后端处理程序，比较简单，具体如下：</p><p>首先创建Django项目：</p><pre>django-admin.py&nbsp;startproject&nbsp;uploadmodule</pre><p>然后，创建views.py文件，代码如下：</p><pre class="prettyprint">#&nbsp;-*-&nbsp;coding:&nbsp;utf-8&nbsp;-*-
import&nbsp;os
import&nbsp;json
from&nbsp;django.http&nbsp;import&nbsp;HttpResponse
from&nbsp;django.views.decorators.csrf&nbsp;import&nbsp;csrf_exempt
UPLOAD_FILE_PATH&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#39;/tmp/nginx_upload/&#39;
@csrf_exempt
def&nbsp;upload(request):
	request_params&nbsp;=&nbsp;request.POST
	file_name&nbsp;=&nbsp;request_params[&#39;file_name&#39;]
	file_content_type&nbsp;=&nbsp;request_params[&#39;file_content_type&#39;]
	file_md5&nbsp;=&nbsp;request_params[&#39;file_md5&#39;]
	file_path&nbsp;=&nbsp;request_params[&#39;file_path&#39;]
	file_size&nbsp;=&nbsp;request_params[&#39;file_size&#39;]
	ip_address&nbsp;=&nbsp;request.META.get(&#39;HTTP_X_REAL_IP&#39;)&nbsp;or&nbsp;request.META.get(&#39;HTTP_REMOTE_ADD&#39;)
	#&nbsp;save&nbsp;file&nbsp;to&nbsp;tmp
	new_file_name&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#39;%s_%s&#39;&nbsp;%&nbsp;(file_md5,&nbsp;ip_address)
	new_file_path&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#39;&#39;.join([UPLOAD_FILE_PATH,&nbsp;new_file_name,&nbsp;os.path.splitext(file_name)[-1]])
	with&nbsp;open(new_file_path,&nbsp;&#39;a&#39;)&nbsp;as&nbsp;new_file:
		with&nbsp;open(file_path,&nbsp;&#39;rb&#39;)&nbsp;as&nbsp;f:
			new_file.write(f.read())
	content&nbsp;=&nbsp;json.dumps({
		&#39;name&#39;:&nbsp;file_name,
		&#39;content_type&#39;:&nbsp;file_content_type,
		&#39;md5&#39;:&nbsp;file_md5,
		&#39;path&#39;:&nbsp;file_path,
		&#39;size&#39;:&nbsp;file_size,
		&#39;ip&#39;:&nbsp;ip_address,
	})
	response&nbsp;=&nbsp;HttpResponse(content,&nbsp;content_type=&#39;application/json;&nbsp;charset=utf-8&#39;)
	return&nbsp;response</pre><h4>四、示例</h4><p>上面的代码完成之后，我们通过下面的命令启动Django后端程序：</p><pre>cd&nbsp;uploadmodule/
python&nbsp;manage.py&nbsp;runserver&nbsp;0.0.0.0:9999</pre><p>然后，模拟POST请求：http://192.168.1.251/upload/，上传一个jpg文件，返回结果如下：</p><pre class="prettyprint">{
	&quot;name&quot;:&nbsp;&quot;6125444419718417450.jpg&quot;,
	&quot;ip&quot;:&nbsp;&quot;192.168.1.121&quot;,
	&quot;content_type&quot;:&nbsp;&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,
	&quot;path&quot;:&nbsp;&quot;/tmp/nginx_upload/0000000002&quot;,
	&quot;md5&quot;:&nbsp;&quot;c3b1bd2e72694a8d5fc4548b9ecd9e18&quot;,
	&quot;size&quot;:&nbsp;&quot;37980&quot;
}</pre><p><br/></p>
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